<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/" > <channel> <title>Facial Expressions</title> <atom:link href="https://www.humintell.com/category/facial-expressions-2/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link>https://www.humintell.com</link> <description>See what you've been missing</description> <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jan 2025 22:41:35 +0000</lastBuildDate> <language>en-US</language> <sy:updatePeriod> hourly </sy:updatePeriod> <sy:updateFrequency> 1 </sy:updateFrequency> <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.2</generator> <site xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">153268946</site> <item> <title>A Pocketbook Guide to the Basics of Emotion</title> <link>https://www.humintell.com/2025/01/a-pocketbook-guide-to-the-basics-of-emotion/</link> <comments>https://www.humintell.com/2025/01/a-pocketbook-guide-to-the-basics-of-emotion/#respond</comments> <dc:creator><![CDATA[Humintell Admin]]></dc:creator> <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jan 2025 16:54:39 +0000</pubDate> <category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Facial Expressions]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.humintell.com/?p=44430</guid> <description><![CDATA[<p>We’re excited to announce the launch of The Humintell Emotion Primer – a pocketbook guide to the basics of emotion. It’s a little book that we put together that summarizes and describes some of the major points about emotions, especially about the basic emotions that we talk about in our work and that we’ve studied and…</p> The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2025/01/a-pocketbook-guide-to-the-basics-of-emotion/">A Pocketbook Guide to the Basics of Emotion</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><iframe title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AMDw377tmPg?si=UYiKiJ4XhpuP3vT-" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p> <p>We’re excited to announce the launch of <strong>The Humintell Emotion Primer –</strong> <strong>a pocketbook guide to the basics of emotion.</strong></p> <p>It’s a little book that we put together that summarizes and describes some of the major points about emotions, especially about the <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2020/06/how-many-basic-emotions-are-there/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">basic emotions</span></a> that we talk about in our work and that we’ve studied and written about for decades.</p> <p>This Emotion Primer starts with a little introduction and it has <strong>7 sections</strong>– each dealing with an important aspect about what makes emotion special.</p> <p><strong><a href="https://www.humintell.com/product/emotion-primer-booklet/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignright wp-image-44375" src="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Humintell-Emotion-Primer-Cover.png" alt="" width="245" height="379" srcset="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Humintell-Emotion-Primer-Cover.png 628w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Humintell-Emotion-Primer-Cover-194x300.png 194w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Humintell-Emotion-Primer-Cover-600x929.png 600w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Humintell-Emotion-Primer-Cover-39x60.png 39w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Humintell-Emotion-Primer-Cover-58x90.png 58w" sizes="(max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px" /></a>1. The first section defines an emotion from our perspective.</strong> This is so important because in our experience, most debates and arguments about emotion occur because of differences in people‘s <em>definitions of emotion</em> and we think it’s always important to let people know what our definition of emotion is.</p> <p><strong>2. The second section describes the various types of emotions that exist</strong> <strong>and focuses on basic emotions.</strong> Research over the past half century plus has shown that basic emotions have features that other emotions don’t have. Now, humans have a lot of different emotions and some people have suggested that we don’t believe that other emotions are emotions. Of course we do! It’s just that basic emotions are a special class or category of emotion.</p> <p><strong>3. The third section talks about those features of basic emotions that distinguish them from other types of emotion</strong>. Remember, these features have been demonstrated in decades of research.</p> <p><strong>4. The fourth section talks about the differences between emotions and feelings</strong>. This is important because many people confuse them and use those terms interchangeably in our everyday lives.</p> <p><strong>5. The fifth section is on our affective world and distinguishes emotions from other phenomena that are emotional</strong>, like moods, personalities, and psychopathologies. This is also important because many of us don’t distinguish between emotion and other affective phenomena.</p> <p><strong>6. The sixth section lists the elicitors and functions of each of the seven basic emotions.</strong> This section is really important to understand the differences among them and to gain an appreciation of why emotions were important in the history of humans and in our every day lives today.</p> <p><strong>7. The seventh section has examples of each of the seven universal facial expressions</strong> along with a summary listing of the points that are mentioned in the other sections.</p> <p><strong>8. At the end, there’s a QR code</strong> that you can also scan and that leads you to a place on our website where we have all kinds of additional readings, blogs, and videos about emotions that we’ve done in the past. This section should round out this program well with additional insights and examples.</p> <p>If you put it all together, there’s a lot of information about emotions that start with this little primer and then point us in different directions.</p> <p>In the end, this primer is not a novel or a long and boring scientific treatise, but it does have very quick descriptions of the <strong>most important aspects of emotions.</strong></p> <p>This is exactly the same kind of information that anyone who wants to improve their knowledge and understanding of emotion should access.</p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"><strong><a href="https://www.humintell.com/product/emotion-primer-booklet/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">We really hope you enjoy it. Get a Humintell Emotion Primer for yourself!</span></a></strong></h4>The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2025/01/a-pocketbook-guide-to-the-basics-of-emotion/">A Pocketbook Guide to the Basics of Emotion</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://www.humintell.com/2025/01/a-pocketbook-guide-to-the-basics-of-emotion/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> <post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">44430</post-id> </item> <item> <title>Lack of Facial Expressions May Reveal Severe Depression</title> <link>https://www.humintell.com/2024/12/lack-of-facial-expressions-may-reveal-severe-depression/</link> <comments>https://www.humintell.com/2024/12/lack-of-facial-expressions-may-reveal-severe-depression/#respond</comments> <dc:creator><![CDATA[Humintell Admin]]></dc:creator> <pubDate>Wed, 04 Dec 2024 17:49:05 +0000</pubDate> <category><![CDATA[Facial Expressions]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Science]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.humintell.com/?p=44345</guid> <description><![CDATA[<p>Doctors may soon be able to diagnose a severe form of depression, known as melancholia, simply by looking at someone’s (lack of) facial expressions. According to VeryWell Mind, melancholia is a form of major depressive disorder (MDD) that is characterized by a complete loss of pleasure in all or almost everything. In addition, research has found…</p> The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2024/12/lack-of-facial-expressions-may-reveal-severe-depression/">Lack of Facial Expressions May Reveal Severe Depression</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-42598 alignleft" src="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/depression-and-emotion-recognition.jpg" alt="" width="352" height="234" srcset="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/depression-and-emotion-recognition.jpg 640w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/depression-and-emotion-recognition-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/depression-and-emotion-recognition-600x399.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px" /></p> <p class="mol-para-with-font">Doctors may soon be able to diagnose a severe form of <span data-track-module="internal-body-link"><a href="https://www.humintell.com/2023/11/the-link-between-childhood-maltreatment-depression-and-emotion-recognition/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">depression</span></a>, known as <strong>melancholia</strong>,</span> simply by looking at someone’s (lack of) facial expressions.</p> <p class="mol-para-with-font"><a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-melancholia-379852"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">According to VeryWell Mind</span></a>, melancholia is a form of major depressive disorder (MDD) that is characterized by a complete loss of pleasure in all or almost everything.</p> <p class="mol-para-with-font">In addition, research has found that people with melancholic depression have a higher risk for unemployment, psychotic features, inpatient treatment, and suicide risk than people with non-melancholic depression</p> <p class="mol-para-with-font">It is estimated by researchers that about 5-10% of people who are depressed have melancholia – which could represent as many as 2 million Americans.</p> <h3>Depression and Facial Expression Study</h3> <p>The study entitled “Markers of positive affect and brain state synchrony discriminate melancholic from non-melancholic depression using naturalistic stimuli” was published in the journal <a class="" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-024-02699-y" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Molecular Psychiatry.</a></p> <p>Author Dr. Philip Mosley and colleagues showed 70 depressed people, 30 of whom had melancholia and 40 of whom did not, two different videos.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Video 1</strong> was a clip from <span data-track-module="internal-body-link">Ricky Gervais</span>‘ stand up comedy set ‘Animals,’ which involved funny skits about nature documentaries.</li> <li><strong>Video 2</strong> was a short film called <em>The Butterfly Circus</em>, which features a moving story about a circus troupe inspiring hope in Depression-era America.</li> </ul> <p class="mol-para-with-font">While the patients watched the videos, their facial and brain activity was recorded, the former with a camera to track every minute muscle twitch during the Gervais set, the latter with the patient in an MRI machine while watching <i>The Butterfly Circus</i>.</p> <h3>Depression Study Results</h3> <p class="mol-para-with-font">The difference between the two patient sets was stark. For the Gervais video, although the patients with non-melancholic depression were still depressed, they did respond with facial expressions and giggles.</p> <p><strong>Meanwhile, the patients with melancholic depression were completely impassive</strong>. Mosley describes them like “statues” with “no facial movement at all, no smiling, no chuckling.”</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/Images-facial-expression-figure-2.jpg" alt="Severe 'Melancholia' Depression Could Be Diagnosed by Facial Expression" width="591" height="419" /></p> <p>Something similar happened in the MRI machine. The brains of patients with non-melancholic depression lit up, particularly in the cerebellum, which is involved with automatic emotional responses.</p> <blockquote><p>“With people with melancholic depression,” Mosley said, “those emotional regions of the brain – the ones involved in detecting and responding to stimuli with an emotional tone – were just doing their own thing, disconnected, not integrated with the rest of the brain, not involved in processing with other regions of the brain that are relevant in these tasks.”</p></blockquote> <h3 class="mol-para-with-font">Depression Study Implications</h3> <p class="mol-para-with-font">This study’s discovery could help doctors differentiate between melancholia and regular depression earlier. While melancholia is a more severe condition, it’s still treatable.</p> <p class="mol-para-with-font">Dr. Mosley suggests these patients don’t tend to respond well to traditional talk therapy, so diagnosing them early could also help establish a more tailored treatment plan for them.</p> <p class="mol-para-with-font">If a person with the condition is diagnosed early, most respond very well to medications, which work to balance the chemistry of the brain. And quicker treatment can help them avoid the most invasive therapies that may be required if the condition has progressed.</p>The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2024/12/lack-of-facial-expressions-may-reveal-severe-depression/">Lack of Facial Expressions May Reveal Severe Depression</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://www.humintell.com/2024/12/lack-of-facial-expressions-may-reveal-severe-depression/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> <post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">44345</post-id> </item> <item> <title>Understanding Human Behavior with Dr. David Matsumoto</title> <link>https://www.humintell.com/2024/04/understanding-human-behavior-with-dr-david-matsumoto/</link> <comments>https://www.humintell.com/2024/04/understanding-human-behavior-with-dr-david-matsumoto/#respond</comments> <dc:creator><![CDATA[Humintell Admin]]></dc:creator> <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 20:15:37 +0000</pubDate> <category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Facial Expressions]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Science]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.humintell.com/?p=43134</guid> <description><![CDATA[<p>Humintell Director David Matsumoto recently appeared on the Social-Engineer Podcast: The Doctor Is In Series – where they discuss understandings and developments in the field of psychology. In their latest episode, Social Engineer CEO Chris Hadnagy and Director of Education Dr. Abbie Marono interview Dr. Matsumoto on the topics of emotion and nonverbal communication. The…</p> The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2024/04/understanding-human-behavior-with-dr-david-matsumoto/">Understanding Human Behavior with Dr. David Matsumoto</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nW2NdFx1jpA?si=kLO8dSnG_NlP1Wid" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p> <p>Humintell Director David Matsumoto recently appeared on the <a href="https://www.social-engineer.org/podcasts/ep-253-the-doctor-is-in-series-understanding-human-behavior-with-dr-david-matsumoto/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Social-Engineer Podcast: The Doctor Is In Series</span></a> – where they discuss understandings and developments in the field of psychology.</p> <p>In their latest episode, Social Engineer CEO Chris Hadnagy and Director of Education Dr. Abbie Marono interview Dr. Matsumoto on the topics of emotion and nonverbal communication.</p> <h3>The Origins of Human Emotion</h3> <p>They began the podcast by speaking about the origins of human emotion where he addressed claims that <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2020/05/addressing-arguments-against-facial-expressions-of-emotion/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">facial expressions of emotion are not innate or universal in nature</span></a>.</p> <p>Dr. Matsumoto points out that the thought that emotions are not innate and entirely constructed is actually a minority thought or concept within the field itself, although it gets a lot of traction.</p> <h3>Matsumoto’s Olympic Study</h3> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-3264 alignleft" src="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/1a.jpg" alt="" width="298" height="213" srcset="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/1a.jpg 475w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/1a-300x214.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px" />They discuss Dr. Matsumoto’s famous Olympic Judo Study entitled <a href="https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/psp9611.pdf"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Emotion of Congenitally and Noncongenitally Blind Individuals.</span></a></p> <p>This study was conducted at the 2004 Athens Olympic and Paralympic Games where photographs were taken during medal matches in the judo competition.</p> <p>From these images, Dr. Matsumoto and his team were able to study the first reactions of these judo athletes when they won or lost a medal match.</p> <p>The results of this study of 84 athletes from 34 countries, showed that winners were immediately smiling. Losers generally showed sadness or disgust or anger. Importantly, there were no cultural differences in these reactions.</p> <p>Additional images were taken of Paralympic athletes, many of them who were congenitally blind from birth. Researchers compared the images of the sighted and non-sighted athletes and found an amazing amount of similarity between them.</p> <p>This research (and many others like it) suggests that the capacity to have emotions and facial expressions of emotion is biologically innate.</p> <h3>Behavioral Indicators of Mal-Intent</h3> <p>The conversation then shifted to discussing behavioral indicators of malicious intent.</p> <p>Dr. Matsumoto emphasizes that much of his research and work has focused on immediate threats and is relevant for those who work at security checkpoints or in harm’s way. He delved into some of the research he’s conducted and their results.</p> <h3>A Writer’s Obligation</h3> <p>They discuss the anonymity and human factors that affect behavior as well as Dr. Matsumoto’s 7th Edition of his book Culture and Psychology.</p> <p>He emphasizes that he now wants to focus his energy and knowledge on helping others.</p>The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2024/04/understanding-human-behavior-with-dr-david-matsumoto/">Understanding Human Behavior with Dr. David Matsumoto</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://www.humintell.com/2024/04/understanding-human-behavior-with-dr-david-matsumoto/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> <post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">43134</post-id> </item> <item> <title>Study: We Use “Baby Talk” With Our Dogs But Not Baby Faces</title> <link>https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/study-we-use-baby-talk-with-our-dogs-not-baby-faces/</link> <comments>https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/study-we-use-baby-talk-with-our-dogs-not-baby-faces/#comments</comments> <dc:creator><![CDATA[Humintell Admin]]></dc:creator> <pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2024 22:50:31 +0000</pubDate> <category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Facial Expressions]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Science]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.humintell.com/?p=43094</guid> <description><![CDATA[<p>“Who’s so cute? Yes you are. You’re so cute, aren’t you?” Baby talk sounds pretty similar whether we’re cooing to babies or our dogs. In fact, research has even suggested that dogs’ brains are sensitive to the familiar high-pitched “cute” voice tone that adult humans (especially women) use to talk to babies. But an interesting…</p> The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/study-we-use-baby-talk-with-our-dogs-not-baby-faces/">Study: We Use “Baby Talk” With Our Dogs But Not Baby Faces</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-43100 alignleft" src="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/We-Use-22Baby-Talk22-With-Our-Dogs-Not-Baby-Faces.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="234" srcset="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/We-Use-22Baby-Talk22-With-Our-Dogs-Not-Baby-Faces.jpg 640w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/We-Use-22Baby-Talk22-With-Our-Dogs-Not-Baby-Faces-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/We-Use-22Baby-Talk22-With-Our-Dogs-Not-Baby-Faces-600x400.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" />“Who’s so cute? Yes you are. You’re so cute, aren’t you?”</em> Baby talk sounds pretty similar whether we’re cooing to babies or our dogs.</p> <p>In fact, research has even suggested that dogs’ brains are sensitive to the familiar high-pitched “cute” voice tone that adult humans (especially women) use to talk to babies.</p> <p>But an interesting new study entitled “<span class="title-text"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106203"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The face behind the <em>caring</em> voice: A comparative study on facial prosodic features of dog-, infant- and adult-directed communication</span></a>” has </span>has spotted a crucial difference:</p> <p>When baby talking to infants, our faces tend to be overly expressive—wide-open eyes, high eyebrows, and exaggerated smiles. With dogs, we’re far more stoic, researchers report in a new study in <cite>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</cite>.</p> <h3>Dogs and Baby Talk</h3> <p>Scientists have been studying baby talk with dogs (and more recently, <a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/cats-react-baby-talk-only-their-owners">cats</a>) for more than 40 years. In fact research has found similarities between infant and dog brains during the processing of speech with such a high-pitched tone feature.</p> <p>But little work has been done on the facial expressions that go along with the baby talk.</p> <p>Anna Gergely, an evolutionary biologist and dog owner wondered whether there might be differences between how we coo to our fur babies and our human ones. So she designed a study to answer that question.</p> <h3><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CXn-mELWs-g?si=2Luj_vPIkYOXMneX" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></h3> <h3>Dog Study Methodology</h3> <p>In the new study, Gergely and her colleagues recruited 23 Hungarian couples who had both a baby between 6 months and 18 months old and a pet dog.</p> <p>While visiting the families in their homes, the researchers asked the parents to speak three short monologues individually to the dog, the baby, and the other parent.</p> <p>The monologues involved things like teaching a new word, reciting a nursery rhyme, or reading a script of everyday sentences such as, “What nice weather!”</p> <p>Gergely and her colleagues filmed the parents’ faces while they were speaking to their partner, pet and infant. Later, the researchers used “face-reading” software to analyze the parents’ facial expressions and muscle movements.</p> <h3>Dog Study Results</h3> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-43105 alignright" src="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Baby-Talk-to-Dogs.jpg" alt="" width="349" height="246" srcset="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Baby-Talk-to-Dogs.jpg 640w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Baby-Talk-to-Dogs-300x211.jpg 300w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Baby-Talk-to-Dogs-600x423.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 349px) 100vw, 349px" />Gergely’s study suggested that the parents’ faces were the most intensely expressive—with more exaggerated expressions—when talking to their babies, especially when reciting the nursery rhyme and scripted sentences.</p> <p>The facial expression recognition software ranked their expressions as particularly happy and often evoking surprise, Gergely says.</p> <p>By contrast, participants had the least amount of facial muscle movement and the most neutral expressions when they were talking to their dogs—even though they seemed to be using a voice nearly identical to what they used with their babies.</p> <h3>Dr. Matsumoto’s Thoughts</h3> <p>Dr. Matsumoto thinks it is far fetched to suggest that humans talking to dogs know or have memorialized different meanings of faces in the animal kingdom.</p> <p>Instead he suggests that there are many possible reasons why humans may be more expressive with <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2010/04/babies-recognize-emotions-at-27-weeks-old/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">infants</span></a> than with their canine companions.</p> <p>Here are a few:</p> <p>1. When humans talking to infants they are even more animated, which requires additional signaling. In turn, this additional signaling recruits more behaviors, including faces. Another difference not discussed is that human – infant signaling is stronger, i.e., more intense.</p> <p>2. Humans unconsciously speak animatedly for infants to learn about how to read facial expressions. This is less important for other animals.</p> <p>3. Infants can verbalize many different emotional states, and can thus refer to them in their facial expressions. Infants will learn about multiple states and their links to language. This is less important and not required for animals.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><em>What do you think about the possibilities Dr. Matsumoto outlined above? Which do you think is most plausible?</em></strong></p>The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/study-we-use-baby-talk-with-our-dogs-not-baby-faces/">Study: We Use “Baby Talk” With Our Dogs But Not Baby Faces</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/study-we-use-baby-talk-with-our-dogs-not-baby-faces/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>2</slash:comments> <post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">43094</post-id> </item> <item> <title>What’s The Difference Between Basic and Primary Emotions?</title> <link>https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/whats-the-difference-between-basic-and-primary-emotions/</link> <comments>https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/whats-the-difference-between-basic-and-primary-emotions/#respond</comments> <dc:creator><![CDATA[David Matsumoto]]></dc:creator> <pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 18:18:07 +0000</pubDate> <category><![CDATA[Facial Expressions]]></category> <category><![CDATA[General]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Science]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.humintell.com/?p=43026</guid> <description><![CDATA[<p>Primary Emotions vs Basic Emotions Many people don’t distinguish between primary and basic emotions to categorize different types of emotions. In fact, some scientists do not distinguish between them either. You may know of a well known emotion theory by a psychologist named Robert Pluchik. Pluchik had a well known emotion wheel where he described…</p> The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/whats-the-difference-between-basic-and-primary-emotions/">What’s The Difference Between Basic and Primary Emotions?</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lUO_wtTLa9Y?si=MVnaNeeOPUTI9Rq8" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></h2> <h2>Primary Emotions vs Basic Emotions</h2> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-43033 alignleft" src="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Wheel-of-Emotion-Robert-Pluchik.jpg" alt="" width="251" height="249" srcset="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Wheel-of-Emotion-Robert-Pluchik.jpg 850w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Wheel-of-Emotion-Robert-Pluchik-300x298.jpg 300w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Wheel-of-Emotion-Robert-Pluchik-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Wheel-of-Emotion-Robert-Pluchik-768x762.jpg 768w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Wheel-of-Emotion-Robert-Pluchik-600x595.jpg 600w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Wheel-of-Emotion-Robert-Pluchik-100x100.jpg 100w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px" />Many people don’t distinguish between primary and basic emotions to categorize different types of emotions. In fact, some scientists do not distinguish between them either.</p> <p>You may know of a well known emotion theory by a psychologist named <a href="https://www.6seconds.org/2022/03/13/plutchik-wheel-emotions/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Robert Pluchik</span></a>.</p> <p>Pluchik had a well known emotion wheel where he described emotions. He termed emotions primary but he also referred to them as basic.</p> <p>Paul Ekman and other scientists talked about basic emotions, but not necessarily primary emotions.</p> <p>Many people interchange the two terms and interchanging occurs across different scholars and writers.</p> <h2>Basic Emotions: Elemental Emotions</h2> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-31558 alignright" src="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/7-2-2014-2-44-38-PM.png" alt="" width="297" height="295" srcset="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/7-2-2014-2-44-38-PM.png 297w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/7-2-2014-2-44-38-PM-100x100.png 100w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/7-2-2014-2-44-38-PM-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px" />Dr. Matsumoto prefers to use the term “basic” to refer to “basic emotions” because the term “basic” refers to those emotions that can be considered elemental.</p> <p>That is, <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2010/06/the-seven-basic-emotions-do-you-know-them/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">basic emotions are the most rudimentary set of emotions that exist in humans</span></a>.</p> <p>Dr. Matsumoto also likes the term “basic emotions” because if you consider them to include elemental or rudimentary set of emotions, they allow one to consider how they can combine with other emotions.</p> <p>In addition, basic emotions can combine with cognitions or contexts to produce other emotional experiences that we have in human life and that we label in language.</p> <p>For example, extreme sadness when experienced at a death of a loved on or a funeral may be called grief or mourning. Anger and sadness that occur when we perceive one of our loved one as coveted by someone else may be called jealousy.</p> <p>In this way, having a concept called “basic emotions” allow us to consider how other somewhat more complex emotional states and experiences that are actually <em>mapped in language</em> can be produced when they combine with other emotions or other cognitions or other contexts.</p> <p>Basic emotions they refer to an elemental set of emotions that allow us to think about how those emotions are used in combination with other emotions, cognitions or contexts to map our emotional life in language.</p> <p>It is important to note that different scholars have different specific emotions in whatever list they consider basic and we have a <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2020/06/how-many-basic-emotions-are-there/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">separate blog about that.</span></a></p> <h2>Primary and Secondary Emotions: Refer to Sequence</h2> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-17637 alignleft" src="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/marti-malloy-by-johannes-eisele1.jpg" alt="" width="301" height="213" srcset="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/marti-malloy-by-johannes-eisele1.jpg 620w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/marti-malloy-by-johannes-eisele1-600x425.jpg 600w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/marti-malloy-by-johannes-eisele1-300x212.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px" />Dr. Matsumoto prefers to use he term primary emotions to refer to sequence because the word primary has a sequential or temporal aspect to it. That is, primary emotions refer to emotions that occur in a sequence.</p> <p>Primary emotions refer to the first or initial emotional reactions that a person can have that is triggered in a certain situation.</p> <p>When thought about in this way, this gives rise to the thought of secondary emotions (emotions that occur next after the primary emotion in a sequence).</p> <p>Secondary emotions are really interesting to think about because sometimes these emotions may be in relation to the context.</p> <p>For example, judo athletes may go from sadness about a loss to anger or vice versa. So the initial emotion (sadness) would be the primary emotion and the secondary (anger) would be the secondary emotion.</p> <h2>Secondary Emotions: Reactions about Reactions</h2> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-43035 alignright" src="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Haunted-House-Secondary-Emotions.jpg" alt="" width="307" height="231" srcset="https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Haunted-House-Secondary-Emotions.jpg 800w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Haunted-House-Secondary-Emotions-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Haunted-House-Secondary-Emotions-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.humintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Haunted-House-Secondary-Emotions-600x450.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px" />Another type of secondary emotion are emotions that we have about the initial emotional reaction (reactions about reactions).</p> <p>For example, some people like the fact that they get afraid. You may know them as sensation seekers- those that like seeing horror movies or go bungee jumping.</p> <p>Some people are happy about being happy; their secondary emotion to happiness is happiness. These people may be pleasant to be around.</p> <p>Some other people may like being angry so they’re probably not as nice to be around.</p> <p>But Dr. M’s main point here is that he thinks of primary and secondary emotions is referring to a temporal sequence rather than compared to basic emotions which refer to an elemental or rudimentary set of emotions.</p> <p> </p>The post <a href="https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/whats-the-difference-between-basic-and-primary-emotions/">What’s The Difference Between Basic and Primary Emotions?</a> first appeared on <a href="https://www.humintell.com">Humintell | Master the Art of Reading Body Language</a>.]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://www.humintell.com/2024/03/whats-the-difference-between-basic-and-primary-emotions/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> <post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">43026</post-id> </item> </channel> </rss>